贵州兽类物种多样性现状及保护对策

贵州是中国兽类物种多样性最丰富的省区之一 ,计有 14 2种 ,物种丰富度仅次于云南和四川 ,物种密度每 10 0 0 0km2 为 8 34 ,仅次于台湾和海南。我国特有兽类分布于贵州的有 2 3种之多 ,其中黔金丝猴仅分布于贵州。分布类型复杂。大中型兽类受威胁的程度相当严重。保护贵州兽类多样性的主要对策是 :提高干部和群众的保护意识 ;加大资金投入 ;加强保护区建设 ,保护好受威胁兽类的生境     

微合金高强钢水下焊接CGHAZ中的沉淀物

对Ｘ６０、Ｘ６５和Ｘ７０三种微合金高强钢（石油、天然气输送管线用钢）水下及空气中焊接影响粗晶区（ＣＧＨＡＺ）中的沉淀物及其溶解、再析出、长大等行为进行了考察。结果发现，在水下焊接过程中富Ｔｉ粒子几乎不溶解而富Ｖ粒子较易溶解，水下焊接同空气中焊接相比ＣＧＨＡＺ中深沉物的溶解。再析出和长大等行为均有明显差异。     

基于瞬变电磁法的整合矿井火区分布探测方法

 针对资源整合矿井火区探测中普通探测技术耗时长、工程量大,且难以直接定位火区范围等问题,研究了基于瞬变电磁法的火区分布探测方法。以北祖矿为例,在井下全空间条件下,结合地质资料和现场地质情况,采用瞬变电磁仪对北祖矿9209 风巷上覆煤层进行超前探测和剖面探测,反演计算形成超前、剖面视电阻率图,根据巷道上覆煤层在视电阻率图中的响应特征,通过定性分析确定巷道上覆煤层的自然发火区域。结果表明,基于瞬变电磁法的整合矿井火区分布探测方法能够准确定位火区分布范围,可为打钻探测及灌浆堵漏等矿井防灭火工程提供科学依据,明显提高工程效率及效果。     

碎石垫层处理软弱地基及其质量控制

在复杂岩溶地区,下伏基岩起伏较大,土层厚度极不均匀,采用不同厚度的碎石垫层处理上部软弱地基,可调整基础的不均匀沉降,提高地基承载力。本文以某工程为例,提出了采用碎石垫层处理复杂岩溶地区软弱地基时,在施工过程中应注意的事项。     

剩余油饱和度的测井评价方法

 目前能够过套管测量剩余油饱和度的方法主要有过套管电阻率测井、碳氧比测井、中子寿命测井、中子伽马注钆测-渗-测、脉冲中子-中子测井（PNN）等。综述了套后剩余油饱和度的测井评价方法,分析了各种方法的测量原理、技术应用、适用性及实例,总结了目前应用较为广泛的剩余油饱和度测井评价方法。     

高速切削淬硬钢主剪切区绝热剪切失稳微观机理研究

使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高速切削淬硬30CrNi3MoV高强度钢形成的锯齿状切屑主剪切区内材料微观特征进行了观察,并对绝热剪切失稳的微观机理进行了分析.微观观察和分析结果表明,绝热剪切带中心由平均直径0.4～0.6μm的细小等轴晶粒组成,过渡区内为碎化并沿剪切方向拉长的马氏体板条组织.锯齿状切屑的形成应归因子主剪切区材料绝热剪切失稳的发生,在此过程中,动态回复和再结晶成为微结构演化的主要冶金过程,绝热温升起到了关键作用.等轴晶组织的形成机制为旋转式动态再结晶.     

被动区深搅桩加固对地铁深基坑变形的影响

采用土体卸载条件下的HS(hardening-soil)有限元模型,分析了被动区加固对地铁换乘站深基坑变形的影响.结果表明:深搅加固对墙体侧向位移的影响随深度增加而增大,可以最终减小墙体侧向位移达27%左右;在临近墙体局部范围内抑制坑底隆起效果显著,抑制隆起量最多超过50%;对墙背土体沉降抑制不显著,局部降低15%左右,在墙背局部范围内对土体侧向位移影响不明显.因此,根据不同地质条件和基坑变形控制要求,选择合理的加固形式使加固土体达到设计强度,既能保证基坑安全和环境影响的要求,又能节省造价.     

微合金钢中氧化物夹杂对焊接热影响区组织、性能的影响

研究了一种微合金钢中夹杂物与模拟焊接热影响区微观组织以及低温冲击韧性的关系.结果发现:实验钢夹杂物以类球状Ti2O3-Al2O3-MnS型复合夹杂为主,分布较为均匀且尺寸小于3μm;在相变冷却时间较短(T8/5=40s)时,试样微观组织以针状铁素体和沿晶铁素体为主,板条贝氏体束较少,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸在50μm左右,低温冲击性能优良;随着相变冷却时间的延长(T8/5=60,80s),原奥氏体晶粒尺寸也随之增大,相变温度的提高和相变区域的变宽使得位于原奥氏体晶界附近的夹杂物对晶界处多边形铁素体的诱导促进作用更加明显,沿晶铁素体长大剧烈,一定程度上消耗了晶内针状铁素体对组织的分割细化作用,使得低温冲击韧性有所降低.     

Effects of size variation and spatial structure on plastic response of plant height to light competition

Plants only interact with neighbors over restricted distances,so local conditions are of great significance for plants.In this study,a spatially-explicit,individual-based model was constructed to explore the effects of size variation and spatial structure on adaptive plasticity of plant height in response to light competition.In the model a plant maintains its height at an optimal value in order to maximize its growth rate,and this optimal height increases with the increase of the intensity of light competi...     

Occurrence of Neoproterozoic low-grade metagranite in the western Beihuaiyang zone,the Dabie orogen

Based on detailed field investigations and petrographic observations, we discovered Neoproterozoic-emplaced granite from the metavolcanics of the Dingyuan Formation in the western Beihuaiyang zone, the Dabie orogen. This study reports the results of zircon U-Pb dating and preliminary petrographic observations on two metagranite samples. The studied rocks experienced epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism and strong structural deformation. Their U-Pb ages are 726 ± 6 and 758 ± 12 Ma, respectively, similar to those for the Luzhenguan complex in the eastern segment of the Beihuaiyang zone. In combination with previously determined 635 ± 5 Ma low-grade metagabbro, this study suggests the occurrence of at least two types of Neoproterozoic intrusive rocks in the Beihuaiyang zone, the northern margin of the South China Block (SCB): 726–758 Ma metagranite and 635 Ma metagabbro. These rocks occur within the metamorphosed Ordovician volcanic zone (originally named the Dingyuan Formation) and are in tectonic contact to each other, but they formed in different tectonic settings. The protolith ages for the Neoproterozoic low-grade metaigneous rocks are in good agreement not only with ages for two episodes of mid- and late-Neoproterozoic mafic and felsic magmatism in the Suizhou and Zaoyang area, Hubei Province, but also agree with protolith ages of ultrahigh-pressure metaigneous rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. In view of their tectonic relationships to country rocks, it appears that these Neoproterozoic low-grade rocks are exotic and they may have been detached and scraped from subducting SCB crust in the early Triassic during the initial continental subduction, and thrusted over Paleozoic metamorphosed rocks in the southern margin of the North China Block during continental collision.